Tuesday, November 20, 2018

Uk Trip Report, 24-Hour Interval 7, Edinburgh: Edinburgh Castle, National Museum,

DAY 7, MAY 4, SAT 7(11°C-2°C):


 We had left the residuum of our luggage at our London hotel every bit nosotros were returning in that location for some other five 24-hour interval stay.
The educate station is simply across the street

Checked Out of Premier Inn Edinburgh Park at 8.30. Took the educate to Waverly, stored our pocketbook inwards the station locker for  £ 8.

Edinburgh Castle:


Edinburgh Castle is located at the top of the Royal Mile, at the W cease of Edinburgh's Old Town.





This castle has existed since the reign of David I inwards the twelfth century, as well as continued to live a royal residence until the Union of the Crowns inwards 1603.

The Edinburgh Castle is a fortress atop the volcanic Castle Rock. The Castle Rock is 130 metres (430 ft) higher upward body of body of water level, with rocky cliffs to the south, W as well as north, 260 ft high. The volcanic Castle Rock offers a naturally defended position, with sheer cliffs to due north as well as south, as well as a steep ascent from the west.  This way that the solely readily accessible road to the castle lies to the east, where the ridge slopes to a greater extent than gently. The castle's defences are situated accordingly, with a serial of gates protecting the road to the summit of the Castle Rock.

The defensive wages of such a site is clear, but the geology of the stone also presents difficulties, since basalt is an extremely piteous aquifer. Providing H2O to the Upper Ward of the castle was problematic, as well as despite the sinking of a 28-metre (92 ft) deep well, the H2O provide frequently ran out during drought or siege.

These 2 bronze statues of ii heroes inwards Scottish history  were added to the gatehouse entrance inwards 1929.



Sir William Wallace (on the correct ) was the first leader of the Scots to rebel against the dominion of the English linguistic communication King Edward I who had over-run Scotland inwards 1296.

 Robert the Bruce (left)  in 1306  declared himself manly someone monarch of Scotland—through his manly someone nurture he was a fourth-great grandson of David I, as well as i of the claimants to the Scottish throne.  His fight against the English linguistic communication was long as well as hard. On fourteen March 1314, inwards a surprise nighttime assault he guided a political party of 30 hand-picked men  along the due north confront of the Castle Rock. Making the hard ascent, they took the garrison yesteryear surprise as well as took control. Robert the Bruce directly ordered the devastation of the castle's defences to foreclose re-occupation yesteryear the English linguistic communication as well as  fully set Scotland gratis - at to the lowest degree for a time.

Tickets are sold within the castle. but nosotros bought them online hence that nosotros tin avoid the lines at the counter. Turned out to live a swell determination every bit the crowd was huge.

We waited for the gates to opened upward at 9.30 as well as and hence sprinted in. Can encounter officials checking their scout at the entrance, after the drawbridge. It was a really mutual depression temperature 24-hour interval though the heaven was clear.  The previous 24-hour interval it had drizzled steadily but the cloud encompass trapped some warmth as well as nosotros had non felt mutual depression temperature walking through the botanic garden.

Just within the gate is the Argyle Battery overlooking Princes Street, with Mills Mount Battery, the location of the One O'Clock Gun, to the west. Battery way a fortified emplacement for heavy guns. Firing this cannon must live awesome.

One O'Clock Gun:

This is the One O'Clock Gun.




It is a fourth dimension signal, as well as is fired every 24-hour interval at exactly 13:00, excepting Sunday, Good Fri as well as Christmas Day. The 'Time Gun' was established inwards 1861 every bit a fourth dimension signal for ships inwards the Firth (estuary)of (river)Forth, as well as complemented the 'Time Ball', which was installed on the Nelson Monument inwards 1852, but which was useless every bit a visible signal during foggy weather.

The gun could easily live heard yesteryear ships inwards Leith Harbour, 2 miles (3.2 km) away. Because audio travels relatively slow (approximately 343 metres per mo (770 mph)), a map was produced inwards 1861 to exhibit the actual fourth dimension when the audio of the gun would live heard at diverse locations across Edinburgh.

The original gun was an 18-pound muzzle-loading cannon, which needed 4 men to load.  The acquaint One O'Clock Gun is an L118 Light Gun, brought into service on 30 Nov 2001. The gun is at nowadays fired from Mill's Mount Battery, on the due north confront of the castle, yesteryear the District Gunner from 105th Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers).

Although the gun is no longer required for its original purpose, the ceremony has go a pop tourist attraction.

Royal Scots Dragon Guards Regimental Museum:

This museum opened inwards 2006, the exhibits include uniforms, medals, weapons, regalia, music as well as a captured enemy criterion from the Battle of Waterloo.The bagpipes are fascinating.



The armed services band leader.





Military medals as well as trophies.




Scottish emblem—the rampant lion.


 After the armed services buildings, nosotros reached the upper ward, the highest business office of the castle rock.
 The summit of the stone is occupied yesteryear St Margaret's Chapel which tin live seen inwards the background with the Scottish flag.

St Margaret's Chapel:

St Margaret's Chapel, inwards Edinburgh Castle, is the oldest surviving edifice inwards Edinburgh. An illustration of Romanesque architecture,  It was constructed inwards the twelfth century.





Saint Margaret of Scotland (c. 1045 – 16 Nov 1093) was an English linguistic communication princess. Margaret as well as her identify unit of measurement fled to Scotland next the Norman conquest of England of 1066. Around 1070 Margaret married Malcolm III of Scotland. She was a pious woman, as well as amid many charitable works she established a ferry across the Firth of Forth for pilgrims travelling to Dunfermline Abbey.

 She died at Edinburgh Castle inwards 1093, simply days after receiving the intelligence of her husband's decease inwards battle. In 1250 she was canonised yesteryear Pope. It was originally idea that St Margaret herself worshipped inwards this pocket-size chapel, but the vogue of the architecture indicates that it was built during the reign of David I, her quaternary son, who ruled from 1124–1153.


Crowd below trying to purchase entry ticket—we had bought the ticket online... clever.

On a ledge below this surface area is a pocket-size 19th-century cemetery of soldiers' as well as regimental mascot dogs.

View from above—-North Sea visible.


Cannon positioned for defence.

Mons Meg:

This is the 6 ton Mons Meg the 15th-century siege gun. 





The 6-tonne (13,000 lb) bombard is displayed with some of its 150-kilogram (330 lb) gun stones. Mons Meg was constructed on the orders of Philip III, Duke of Burgundy inwards 1449, as well as was given yesteryear him to his niece's husband, King James II inwards 1457. On 3 July 1558, Mons Meg was fired inwards salute to the matrimony of Mary, Queen of Scots, to the French dauphin François II.

 Looks pretty piece of cake to lift...Ha Ha!! these 150-kilogram (330 lb) gun stones.



When fired they'll dry ground 2 miles away.   Workmen were paid to notice as well as recollect the stones from close the River Forth, some 2 miles (3.2 km) distant.

 Mons Meg has been defunct since her barrel flare-up on 30 Oct 1681 when firing a salute for the arrival of the Duke of Albany, the time to come King James VII as well as II.

This is what it looks similar when nosotros peer inside




Scottish National War Memorial:


The memorial commemorates Scottish soldiers, as well as those serving with Scottish regiments, who died inwards the ii footing wars as well as inwards to a greater extent than recent conflicts. Upon the altar within the Shrine is a sealed casket containing Rolls of Honour which listing over 147,000 names of those soldiers killed inwards the First World War. After the Second World War, some other 50,000 names were inscribed on Rolls of Honour held within the Hall, as well as farther names maintain to live added.

The exterior is decorated with gargoyles as well as sculpture, piece the interior contains monuments to private regiments. The stained-glass windows are yesteryear Douglas Strachan.


Now onward to the royal palace.


Royal Palace: 



The Royal Palace comprises the onetime royal apartments.  Begun inwards the mid 15th century,  in 1617,  state apartments for the manly someone monarch as well as queen were built.

 On the footing flooring is the Laich (low) Hall, at nowadays called the King's Dining Room, as well as a pocket-size room, known every bit the Birth Chamber or Mary Room, where James VI was born to Mary, Queen of Scots, inwards June 1566. The commemorative painted ceiling as well as other ornamentation was added inwards 1617. 

On the kickoff flooring is the vaulted Crown Room, built inwards 1615 to theatre the Honours of Scotland: the crown, the sceptre as well as the sword of state... non every bit grand every bit the crown jewels at the Tower of London.

Tableau of coronation here.








The crown is beingness carried. Can hardly separate existent people from these mannequins..


I've given an concern human relationship of Mary Queen of Scot's life in the previous post.  Mary was the great-niece of King Henry VIII of England, every bit her paternal grandmother, Margaret Tudor, was Henry VIII's sister. Queen Elizabeth I of England (daughter of Anne Boleyn as well as Henry VIII) was her cousin as well as ruler of England but many felt Mary wa the rightful heir. After her travails inwards Scotland, Mary sought Elizabeth's assist but the latter imprisoned her, tried her for treason as well as had her beheaded.

The capable Queen Mary of Guise died within the Palace piece her daughter, Mary Queen of Scots, gave nascency to James VI. The nascency of James VI was difficult. 


His mother, Mary Queen of Scots, endured a long as well as especially agonizing labour, hence much hence that i of her companions is said to take hold attempted to utilization magic to projection the nascency pangs on i of her servants. James became manly someone monarch of Scotland presently after his kickoff birthday inwards 1567 as well as manly someone monarch of England inwards 1603. He made an emotional render to his birthplace inwards 1617 to celebrate his golden jubilee – the nascency bedroom was redecorated for the occasion.

View of Arthur Mound from within the Castle .


The terminal sovereign to slumber inwards the Royal Palace was Charles I on nineteen June, 1633, the nighttime earlier his Scottish coronation.

The Honours of Scotland, also known every bit the Scottish Regalia as well as the Scottish Crown Jewels, dating from the fifteenth as well as sixteenth centuries, are the oldest laid upward of crown jewels inwards the British Isles. 


 Crown Room:


The Stone of Scone  also known every bit the Stone of Destiny is an oblong block of scarlet sandstone. Historically, the artefact was kept at the now-ruined Scone Abbey inwards Scone, close Perth, Scotland.

It is also known as Jacob's Pillow Stone . Its size is most 26 inches (660 mm) yesteryear 16.75 inches (425 mm) yesteryear 10.5 inches (270 mm) as well as its weight is roughly 336 pounds (152 kg).
Legends identify the origins inwards Biblical times as well as consider the stone to live the Stone of Jacob 

Kings of Scotland were enthroned on this enigmatic stone for centuries. But in 1296, the English linguistic communication King Edward I took the Stone from Scone close Perth as well as had it built into his throne.
It has since been part of the coronation ceremonies of most monarchs of England and, later, Great Britain. In 1996, the Stone was returned to Scotland.






There are three primary elements of the Honours of Scotland: the Crown, the Sceptre, as well as the Sword of State. Collectively, they are known every bit the Honours of Scotland. They were kickoff used together for the coronation of Mary Queen of Scots inwards 1543.

When Charles I had been executed yesteryear monastic enjoin of the Parliament of England as well as the monarchy overthrown, Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector of England, Scotland, as well as Ireland, ordered almost all of the English linguistic communication regalia to live broken upward or melted down. The Honors were buried at Dunnottar Castle as well as subsequently Kinneff Church betwixt 1651 to 1660 to maintain them out of the clutches of Oliver Cromwell and his English linguistic communication army.

The blade of the Sword of State has a fracture line that was in all likelihood made when it was snapped to smuggle it yesteryear English linguistic communication soldiers..

The Honours were locked away inwards a breast after the Treaty of Union betwixt Scotland as well as England inwards 1707 as well as solely rediscovered yesteryear the novelist Sir Walter Scott inwards 1818.

There is a mysterious silvery wand displayed with the Honours. It was found with the crown jewels inwards 1818 but no-one knows why it was there.


The Crown, Sceptre as well as Sword of State are the oldest crown jewels inwards the British Isles.

The Sceptre was presented to James IV yesteryear Pope Alexander VI inwards 1494 piece the Crown was kickoff worn yesteryear James V for the coronation of his wife, Queen Mary of Guise inwards 1540.

During the Second World War, the Crown of Scotland was hidden below a medieval latrine cupboard inwards David's Tower to foreclose the enemy from finding it.

Unicorn,  the heraldic symbol of Scotland, holding the national flag of Scotland, with St. Andrew's Cross.


In Scotland, they prefer their ain flag as well as symbols rather than that of the UK.

The Great Hall:

The Great Hall measures 95 yesteryear twoscore ft, as well as was the main identify of dry ground assembly inwards the castle.









 It is unremarkably ascribed to the reign of King James IV, as well as is idea to take hold been completed inwards the early on years of the 16th century.  It is i of solely ii medieval halls inwards Scotland with an original hammerbeam roof.


Following Oliver Cromwell's seizure of the castle inwards 1650, the Great Hall was converted into a barracks for his troops. Following the structure of the New Barracks inwards the 1790s, it became a armed services infirmary until 1897. It was as well as hence restored. 

The Great Hall is however sometimes used for ceremonial occasions, as well as is a venue  for BBC Scotland's Hogmanay Live programme.

We sat downwards on the benches inwards the swell hall to residuum our tired feet... this costumed instrumentalist strolled inwards as well as started to play a diversity of musical instruments.




Enjoyed his music performance inwards the swell hall for a whole hour—recorded 1/2 hr of it on video.

After luncheon on the castle grounds as well as listening to the i o clock gun, nosotros lingered on the castle esplanade admiring the views.


Still on the castle rock. The esplanade with the castle inwards the background. Hundreds of supposed witches had been burned at stake inwards this esplanade.



Another sentiment earlier nosotros left.

We as well as hence walked the royal mile as well as reached the museum.


Running eastwards from the Edinburgh castle rock, the Royal Mile slopes gently downwards to Holyrood Palace. Steep closes (or alleyways) run betwixt the many  tenement buildings off the main thoroughfare. All appointment dorsum to 1700s.




This is simply an exhibition building. We idea it is a church—but the doors did non hold off appropriate.



we moved on to the museum—our terminal finish of Edinburgh earlier taking our 4.30 educate dorsum to London.

National Museum of Scotland:

This is onetime royal museum of 1860s as well as the museum of scotland combined.






The exterior, designed inwards a Venetian Renaissance style, contrasts sharply with this low-cal flooded main hall or Grand Gallery, inspired yesteryear The Crystal Palace. 

The building's architecture was controversial from the start, as well as Prince Charles resigned every bit patron of the museum, inwards protestation at the lack of consultation over its design.

This is the grand gallery.




The fundamental infinite of the Grand Gallery contains a diversity of large objects called the "Window on the World" rising 4 stories, or most xx metres.

Window on the World



850 objects are displayed inwards Window on the World, ranging inwards size as well as reach from tiny drinking glass sculptures as well as a mineral from the slopes of Mt Vesuvius (actually containing the world’s largest sample of the rare mineral sarcolite) to large items such every bit a gyroplane, a total size railway signal from the Stirling to Alloa line as well as a girder from the original Tay Bridge.

The 1st slice inwards the far corner on a wooden platform is a 12-foot long feast bowl made on Atiu, i of the Cook Islands inwards the South Pacific. It had been inherited yesteryear Titaua, a Tahitian princess who married a Scot as well as brought it dorsum with her to Anstruther.

 The Feast Bowl is capable of holding upward to 300 gallons as well as would take hold been used at large communal feasts to serve poi – a dish made from sweetness potato, yams, taro or plantain as well as mixed with kokosnoot milk.

The side yesteryear side pavilion-like slice is a cast atomic pose out 26 drinking springtime from the 1880s was made yesteryear Glasgow firm. The springtime is highly decorative, with a fretwork dome as well as intricate designs. 

This dioptic lighthouse lens was designed inwards 1889 for the lnchkeith lighthouse inwards the Firth of Forth.

The lnchkeith lighthouse had been built inwards 1803 yesteryear Robert Stevenson as well as his father-in-law Thomas Smith to protect ships coming into the Port of Leith. It stayed inwards utilization until the terminal keeper was withdrawn as well as the lighthouse automated inwards 1985.

further downwards is the fountain...


Rising through the 4 storeys of the Grand Gallery, from the footing flooring to the roof, Window on the World is the largest unmarried museum installation inwards the UK. It showcases a spectacular array of items.


Egyptian ushabti /shabti :


Egyptian ushabti (also called shabti ) was a funerary figurine used inwards Ancient Egypt.



 Term ushabti meant "follower" or "answerer" inwards Ancient Egyptian, because the figurine "answered" for the deceased someone as well as performed all the routine chores of daily life for its master copy inwards the afterlife.

Ushabtis were placed inwards tombs amid the grave goods. The figurines typically carried a hoe on their shoulder as well as a handbasket on their backs. They were unremarkably written on yesteryear the utilization of hieroglyphs typically found on the legs. they carried inscriptions asserting their readiness to respond the gods' summons to work.
The do of using shabtis originated inwards the Old Kingdom (c. 2600 to 2100 B.C.E) with the utilization of life-sized reserve heads made from limestone, which were buried with the mummy

 Most ushabtis were of fry size, as well as many produced inwards multiples – they sometimes covered the flooring about a sarcophagus.

Due to the shabti's commonness through all Egyptian timeperiods, as well as footing museums' wish to stand upward for ancient Egyptian fine art objects, the shabti is i of the most commonly represented objects inwards Egyptology displays.

Produced inwards huge numbers, ushabtis, along with scarabs, are the most numerous of all ancient Egyptian antiquities to survive.

One grave tin take hold every bit many every bit 401 shabtis: 365 workers, i for each 24-hour interval of the year, as well as 36 overseers.

These are all inwards semiprecious metals—the blueish ones are lapis lazuli.

Egyptian sarcophagus...all lined up—these are 3000years old...


Displayed throughout this gallery are objects left behind inwards graves, tombs as well as temples which assist us sympathize how the ancient Egyptians lived as well as died.


Excavated burial sites non solely tell us most how the ancient Egyptians died, but also most how they lived as well as what they believed. Sculpture, paintings, jewellery as well as preparation equipment,  show how men as well as women may take hold dressed, made upward their faces as well as wore their pilus (or wigs!), piece toys, games as well as musical instruments give away how they mightiness take hold spent their gratis time.


Tomb-models, along with drawings, stone carvings as well as writing texts, advise their houses were simple, with an exterior staircase leading to the roof, where people frequently slept at night. They had uncomplicated furniture, mainly stools, chairs as well as tables. They used chests to store holding as well as used wooden headrests instead of pillows. The best houses as well as slice of furniture would live decorated.

The ancient Egyptians believed inwards life after death. They believed that the spirit of a dead someone was divided into ii parts, the ‘ba’ as well as the ‘ka’, as well as that these would live reunited inwards the tomb.


A dead someone was buried with everything they mightiness demand inwards the afterlife, including their preserved body, called a mummy. Coffins were made of wood, stone or cartonnage (thin layers of linen, covered inwards plaster as well as painted) as well as inscribed  with spells as well as prayers as well as the cry of the dead person. Sometimes the coffin was placed within a stone or wooden container called a sarcophagus.



Full atomic pose out 79 painted torso.


Material: Cartonnage (layers of linen as well as papyrus covered with plaster), painted as well as gilded.
Mummy-masks are a depiction of the caput as well as breast of the dead someone as well as were worn over the wrapped caput of the mummy. They were used to protect the deceased's confront but could also human activity every bit substitutes for the mummified caput should it live damaged or lost. This funerary mask allows the mummy to live recognised yesteryear the ba, the dead person’s soul, when it returns to the preserved body..

gives details.

Intricate confront mask



Once the organs are removed, the body is covered inwards a salt called natron as well as left to dry out. Then the body is rinsed as well as oils and unguents (ointments) applied to save the skin. Several metres of linen are required to wrap the  body. Special prayers as well as spells are recited every bit the layers of bandages are added. As the body is wrapped, the bandages are coated inwards liquid resin. This ensures the wrappings remain inwards place, as well as also helps save the body.

The 2 plates mounted high on the left are Embalming plates. This plate is placed over the cutting made inwards the dead person’s side to withdraw the organs as well as stops evil spirits entering the body. It is decorated with an Eye of Horus as well as a scarab beetle.

Canopic jars:

Funerary urns with organs stored inside. Before the someone tin live mummified, his lungs, stomach, intestines as well as liver must live removed. These are stored inwards canopic jars as well as placed inwards the tomb hence he volition live whole inwards the side yesteryear side world..



The 4 pocket-size objects mounted on the wall are amulets.The correct i is Amulet of Duamutef. Amulets possess magical powers to protect the someone on his journeying to the side yesteryear side world, as well as in the afterlife. Duamutef, i of the 4 sons of Horus, protects his stomach.


The gods are frequently shown every bit animals, but they appear inwards many other forms including trees, the sun, Luna or stars, humans or humans with animate beingness heads. Some of the gods were grouped every bit families.

The Egyptians also worshipped the King, as well as sometimes of import historical figures such every bit Imhotep, the human idea to take hold designed the pyramids.

Here's the Indian pavilion
Sandalwood door with intricate carvings.

Hindu deities.






gives details of fine art found inwards the galleries.


Lewis chessmen:


Lewis chessmen made from walrus ivory.




Found on Lewis inwards 1831, the Lewis Chessmen are in all likelihood the most well-known archaeological notice from Scotland. The 93 gaming pieces known to us today include 78 chessmen, fourteen tables-men as well as a buckle to secure a bag. The hoard is probable to live made upward of four chess sets. Eleven of the chessmen are owned yesteryear National Museums Scotland as well as the remaining 82 reside at the British Museum.

The chess pieces consist of elaborately worked walrus ivory as well as whales' teeth in the shape of seated kings as well as queens, bishops, knights on their mounts, standing warders as well as pawns inwards the shape of obelisks. Up to 4 chessmen could live carved from i walrus tusk.

 They were in all likelihood made inwards Trondheim inwards Kingdom of Norway during the belatedly twelfth as well as early on 13th centuries, when the surface area inwards which the chessmen were buried was business office of the Kingdom of Norway, non Scotland. It seems probable they were buried for rubber keeping on road to live traded inwards Ireland. There are several theories most how the hoard came to live hidden at Uig on Lewis.

Were they stolen from a passing ship?
Were they hidden yesteryear a travelling merchant?
Could the hoard live the prized possession of a local prince, nobleman or senior churchman?

Although many questions remain unanswered, in that location continues to live fascination with this remarkable grouping of iconic objects, 180 years after their uncovering on Lewis.

Taxidermied PANDA as well as birds.


Marine creatures... with their skeletons.



Exhibits were awesome, nosotros regretted nosotros didn't take hold to a greater extent than time.

The clocks are great... 




 Millenium clock:

took a video of their millenium clock. watched its intricate movements when it chimed 2 as well as 3  and as well as hence left the premises reluctantly.


The millenium clock is grotesque as well as clever as well as the animations when each hr chimed are awesome:


The clock tower is similar a medieval cathedral, 10 metres high. It is  a summary of the best as well as worst of the twentieth century. The intricate animation has 4 sections: The Crypt, The Nave, The Belfry as well as The Spire. Each has its ain stories.


Higher  is The Belfry, which has the clock as well as the Requiem, a circle of twelve figures. Each represents a calendar month, every bit good every bit a hardship or tragedy that has afflicted humanity, from state of war to famine, slavery to persecution. Right at the top is The Spire, as well as a  bell. H5N1 figure stands at the really top, a woman someone figure carrying a dead man. This is the Pietà, from the Italian for compassion as well as pity. It acts every bit a symbol for what has gone earlier as well as the forcefulness nosotros demand to displace forward.










The Crypt at the base of operations of the tower houses wheels as well as chains. Two figures are at the pump of this section: an oak figure of an Ancient Spirit as well as the colourful, mischievous Egyptian Monkey.

The Nave holds a pendulum with a skeleton on a convex mirror. Distorted figures of Lenin, Hitler as well as Stalin human activity every bit a reminder of the worst aspects of the twentieth century. But in that location is celebration of amend times, too, with a playground of animated characters, including a Chaplin-like figure.

We left the museum reluctantly as well as reached the educate station. collected our pocketbook left inwards storage.

We took the 4.30pm educate dorsum to London...Early dinner on the Edinburgh Express dorsum to London.

Reached kings cross station yesteryear 8.30, went to the ticket counters as well as bought a novel laid upward of vii 24-hour interval go cards.

Then caught the subway as well as reached Premier inn yesteryear eleven at night. Collected the bags nosotros had left behind inwards their storage as well as checked into our novel room for the subsequently five days of our stay.

Quite happy with the flavour of Scotland nosotros enjoyed on our brusk visit! 

Day 8 study on Leeds castle, Canterbury is here:
http://www.kris-sapiutri.blogspot.com/search?q=uk-trip-report-day-8-london-day-trip-to


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Uk Trip Report, 24-Hour Interval 7, Edinburgh: Edinburgh Castle, National Museum,
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